<p>Bedford Courthouse Square Historic District is a national historic district located at Bedford, Lawrence County, Indiana. The district encompasses 64 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object in the central business district of Bedford. It developed between about 1850 and 1945, and includes examples of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, and Neoclassical style architecture. Notable contributing resources include the Soldiers, Sailors and Pioneers Monument ; Michael A. Malott House ; Moses Fell Building ; Stone City Bank Building ; Dunn Memorial Masonic Temple ; Lawrence County Courthouse ; Bedford Fire Department Building ; Citizens&#39; Bank Building ; Elks Club ; Hamer Building ; and Bedford Municipal Garage .</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Mitchell Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Mitchell, Lawrence County, Indiana. The district encompasses 75 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Mitchell. It developed between about 1853 and 1946, and includes examples of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, and Queen Anne style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Mitchell Opera House. Other notable buildings include the First National Bank Building , Odd Fellows Hall , Jacob Finger Methodist Church , Dr. William Dings House , Edward Moore House , Bank of Mitchell Building , Fannie Moore Richardson House , Mitchell Public  Library  and Theatorium .</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Otis Park and Golf Course is a historic park, golf course, and national historic district located at Bedford, Lawrence County, Indiana. The district encompasses five contributing buildings, four contributing sites, eights contributing structures, and five contributing objects in a park originally established in 1923 and donated to city of Bedford in 1935. It was largely developed as a Works Progress Administration project between 1937 and 1941, and includes examples of Classical Revival and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. Notable contributing resources include the band shell , rock garden, bathhouse, clubhouse, four picnic shelters , shelter house, and gazebo.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Esthwaite Lodge is a 19th-century house in Hawkshead, Cumbria, England; it is a Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>The house was commissioned by Thomas Alcock Beck, a local resident and antiquarian. He employed Kendal-based architect George Webster to design a property for him.</p><br>
<p>Webster&#39;s design was a stuccoed villa of two storeys and three bays with a slate hipped roof. Completed in 1821 the house is in the Neoclassical Greek Revival style a Doric porch was added.</p><br>
<p>Beck died in 1846 but his widow and his descendants continued to live in the house until the early 20th century. The 1911 census for England, however, records the property as being unoccupied.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of the house passed to the Brocklebank family who leased the house to a number of tenants. One of these, between 1929 and 1932 was the novelist Francis Brett Young until he decided that the weather was too wet for him.</p><br>
<p>With the outbreak of the Second World War the house was used for accommodating volunteers involved with the Hawkshead Afforestation Scheme and later members of the Women&#39;s Land Army.</p><br>
<p>In 1942 the house was purchased by Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales) and remains in use as a youth hostel.</p><br>
<p>C.S. Norton Mansion is a historic home located at Bedford, Lawrence County, Indiana. It was built in 1897, and is a 2 1/2-story, "royal blue" limestone dwelling. A three-room addition was built in 1925-1926. It has dual front entrances and a parapet surrounding the roof. It is cubicle in form with a hipped roof with gable dormers. The house features a cylindrical tower topped by a conical roof, a one-story entrance portico with Ionic order columns, and a porte cochere. The building housed school administration offices after 1928.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Also known as the Limestone Castle, the limestone came from Mr. Norton&#39;s quarry. He enjoyed a large amount of success due to the limestone in his quarry having a light blue hue to it. Over the last 40 years, not much has changed about the property. One large evergreen tree was taken down that was located at the beginning of the driveway. The only visible improvements or updating that has been done in that time is the carpet (unknown date) and the tar shingle roof in 1983. The fencing around the rear of the property was built by a family who rented the home from 1982 to 1984. The front limestone facade at the sidewalk has been repaired to keep it from toppling over. The red building at the rear of the property was living quarters for the builders. It still has a wood burning stove inside and is a two-story building with stairs. There is a full size attic with interior stairs for access. The basement covers about 3/4 of the house. The home is heated by a boiler in the basement that circulates the hot water through radiators throughout the home. There is still an intercom system to all of the upstairs bedroom from the kitchen. There is a laundry chute from the second story to the laundry/pantry room. This room is behind the kitchen and accessible to the dining room. The property is located across the street from Bedford Junior High School.</p><br>
<p>The Knight-Corey House is a historic house on Corey Lane in Boothbay, Maine. Built in 1787, it is a high quality local example of Federal period architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Knight-Corey House stands in the village center of Boothbay, occupying a triangular lot formed on the northeast by Back River Road and on the south by Corey Lane. It is a large 2-1/2 story timber frame structure, with a gabled roof, large central chimney, clapboard siding, and fieldstone foundation. Its main facade faces south, and is a symmetrical five bays across. The centered entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a Federal style fan. A 1-1/2 story wood frame ell extends to the west of the main block, joining it to a barn. The interior has restored Federal period features, including five working fireplaces, gunstock posts, and a distinctive enclosed circular staircase.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1787 by Nicholas Knight, on a site previously occupied by an inn established by one of the area&#39;s early settlers. From 1974 to 1990 the house was home to the Boothbay Theatre Museum, an extensive collection of theatrical memorabilia collected by Franklyn Lenthall, featuring large numbers of items associated with actors Edwin Booth and Sarah Bernhardt. The museum was closed in 1990 and its collections were auctioned off.</p><br>
<p>The Lamb Block is a historic commercial building at 10 Depot Street in Livermore Falls, Maine. Built in 1895 to a design by George M. Coombs, it was the town&#39;s first masonry commercial block, and acted as a prototype for later commercial buildings in the town center. The block was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lamb Block stands just off Livermore Falls&#39; Main Street row of commercial buildings, on the north side of Depot Street. It is a three story masonry building, built out of red brick and set on a rubblestone foundation. The ground floor has two storefronts flanking a central building entrance. The storefronts are arranged with glass display windows on the outside, and recessed entrances toward the center, next to the center entrance, which is also recessed. There is a modern shingled canopy extending across, between the first and second floors. The second and third floors are three bays wide. The second floor outer bays are filled with polygonal windows that are recessed so that the center window is flush. Other bays are filled with pairs of sash windows. The building is capped by a flat roof with an extended modillioned cornice above a line of decorative brickwork.</p><br>
<p>The block was built in 1895 for John F. Lamb, owned of a local hardware store. It was designed to house retail stores on the ground floor, professional offices on the second, and a meeting hall on the third, a layout that was fairly common in late 19th-century commercial buildings. It was the first substantial brick building to be built Livermore Falls&#39; downtown area, and notably survived an 1898 fire that destroyed much of its downtown. Some of the buildings put up after the fire are similar to this one in style.</p><br>
<p>The Governor Hill Mansion is a historic house at 136 State Street in Augusta, Maine. It was built in 1901 for John F. Hill to a design by John Calvin Stevens, and is one of the state&#39;s grandest examples of Colonial Revival architecture. It now serves as an event facility. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hill Mansion stands at the southwest corner of State and Green Streets, between Augusta&#39;s downtown area and the state capitol complex. It is a large three-story masonry building, built out of yellow brick with granite trim and a granite foundation. Its roof roof has a projecting cornice with modillions, and its corners have granite quoins. Windows are generally sash set in rectangular openings, with granite sills and keystoned lintels. A beltcourse of stone separates the second and third floors. The dominating feature of the its east-facing facade is a two-story semi-circular portico, supported by Doric columns and topped by a low balcony. The north facade has a temple-fronted porte cochere, also two stories in height, with a full entablature and fully pedimented gable. The interior retains well preserved original high-style decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by John Calvin Stevens, Maines highest profile architect of the period, and was built in 1901 for John F. Hill, who was then Governor of Maine. Hill was a prominent businessman with interests in publishing and electric companies, prior to his entry into politics. He had this house built in part as a suitable executive mansion, the state not yet having acquired The Blaine House for that purpose. Hills children donated the property to the Catholic Oblate Fathers order. After ownership passed through several Catholic organizations, it was sold into private ownership in 2009, and is now used as an event facility and office space.</p><br>
<p>The Louden Monorail System in the Auto Repair Shop, also known as McGuire Motor Company and Crandall&#39;s Electric Service, is a historic structure located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States. The monorail system is located in a former auto repair shop along an alley between East Broadway Avenue and East Briggs Avenue. It is the rear, single-story, portion of the building at 117 E. Broadway Ave where the system is located. The storefront portion of the building, also historically associated with the automobile industry, is a two-story brick building built on a stone foundation. The east side of the central business district in Fairfield had become the center for automobile related businesses by the 1920s. Harley Carter bought this building in 1920, and had the monorail system, manufactured by the Louden Machinery Company, installed about 1922. The overhead material handling system is permanently attached to the east wall of the shop. It allowed the mechanics to more easily move the heavy engines and other parts to and from vehicles. The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Louden Whirl-Around is a historic object located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States. It is a type of a playground merry-go-round manufactured by the Louden Machinery Company. It was built about 1930 on the grounds of the Fairfield Country Club. The octagon-shaped apparatus is composed of steel pipe, malleable iron couplings, and wood. It is located south of the swimming pool behind the clubhouse. Louden had to begin a line of playground equipment in order to acquire patent rights that it needed to develop its line of overhead material handling systems. They acquired the J.C. Porter Company of Ottawa, Illinois, which manufactured the playground equipment and held those rights. The playground apparatus exemplifies the company&#39;s growth in the 1920s. Most of the schools in Fairfield had playground equipment manufactured by Louden. The object was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Iowa Malleable Iron Company was a historic industrial complex located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States. At one time the historic designation included nine buildings, most of them have been torn down. The remaining building was the two-story office building for the factory that was constructed in 1924. Most of the complex was built in 1904 north of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad tracks. The company produced malleable iron castings for agricultural implement manufacturers, including Fairfield&#39;s Louden Machinery Company. For the most part it was established by the officers of the Louden Company, and it is thought to be the first foundry of its kind between the Mississippi River and Pueblo, Colorado. The two companies maintained a close association throughout their histories. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Argos Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Argos, Marshall County, Indiana. The district encompasses 21 contributing buildings in the central business district of Argos. It developed between about 1867 and 1942, and includes examples of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, and Neoclassical style architecture. Notable buildings include the Reed Block , Williams Inn , IOOF #263 Hall , Corner Hardware Building , Argos Reflector Building / GAR Hall , Argos Theater , Sarber Building , Old Argos Opera House / Huff Block , Pickerl Block , Argos Municipal Building , Farmers State Bank Block , Argos Masonic Lodge #399 / Grossman Building , Schoonover Building , and Pickerl Residence .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The town of Argos lies in Walnut Township, Marshall County, Indiana, along the Michigan Road where it intersects with State Road 10, formerly known as the Wabash Road and now known within the town limits as Walnut Street. The district comprises three blocks lining Michigan Street. Historically, these blocks were primarily commercial in nature with development radiating from the intersection of Michigan and Walnut Streets (primarily eastward on Walnut to the railroad and the plat of Fremont). The Michigan Road was main road between Indianapolis and Lake Michigan. The district&#39;s remains the commercial center of the surrounding community. Examples of 19th and early 20th century architecture characterize district. The district is an example the small midwestern downtowns from 1867 through 1942.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The architecture of the district is varied in styles, with a near full range of those styles typical to Midwestern towns during the period of significance from 1867 -1942. This concentration of structures in a commercial section of a town plat reflects the character of typical Michigan Road towns.</p><br>
<p>There are four notable buildings of different styles that best exemplify the range of architecture during the period of significance. The earliest is the Schoonover Building, a 19th-century building. It is a rare example of early frame ‘commercial’ building. These usually are replaced during the business’ life with a brick buildings.</p><br>
<p>A second example is the old Argos Opera House-Huff Building which is ‘railroad town’’ Italianate architecture of the late 1800&#39;s. The Masonic Lodge-Grossman Building is Romanesque Revival style. The Farmers State Bank is in the Neo-Classical style.</p><br>
<h2>Significant Structures</h2><br>
<p>117-119 North Michigan Street 1901IOOF” and "263", the lodge number, in raised lettering in the center. A stairwell entry to the upper lodge floors is located on the street front at the north corner of the building.</p><br>
<p>116-118 South Michigan Street 1887&lt;1892 Old Argos Opera House / Huff Block is an Italianate, two-story, brick building, two bay in width. It dominates the 100 block of South Michigan in its height and design. The street level facade has been modernized with aluminum and glass. The upper facade remains unchanged. On the second floor are six masonry openings with half-round brick arches. The northern window has a lower sill, which would have provided access to a porch along the front over the sidewalk. The sills are smooth-faced limestone and the brick arches form hoods slightly raised from the face of the facade. The building is topped with a brick parapet of a simple corbelled design with stepped horizontal courses and vertical "brackets". The center of the parapet is a brick half-round approximately 6 by high. Access to the Opera hall on the second floor is from a stairwell at the south end (left) of the building.</p><br>
<p>102 North Michigan Street 1917 Farmers State Bank Block is a Neo-Classical, two-story, masonry building. Located on the Corner of Walnut and Michigan Streets, it has two complete limestone facades. Its height is accentuated by using elongated pilasters rising from the foundation to the pediment. This creates artificial bays. This is one of the few buildings that retains it original architecture at the street level. It is faced with smooth-faced cut limestone. Two horizontal rows of large blocks form a base, which is capped with a continuous water table. The water table acts as a plinth for the pilasters. Each pilaster has a simple base and is topped with a squared Doric capitals. The Walnut Street façade is separated into six two-story bays. A single two-story bay is angled toward the intersecting streets. On Michigan Street, the south half of the facade is the original c. 1915. It is separated into three two-story bays. The main entrance is in the center bay. The north half was added about 1960 and duplicates the original, but it is only a single story.</p><br>
<p>In each bay of the bank, are window openings using a recessed limestone panel and a raised rectangular frame. The northern section (1960 addition) is only one story, but the roof line has been maintained with a limestone screen. Where window openings exist in the original part, there is patterned stone block. The window and entrances have been modernized. A cornice marks the roof line on both street fronts. The cornice is topped with a limestone parapet.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Hunter, Jaunita. Marshall County and the Michigan Road Marshall County Historical Society Quarterly Vol. 20, No. 2,1991</p><br>
<p>McDonald, Daniel. History of Marshall County 1836-1881, Kingman Brothers, Chicago, IL 1881.</p><br>
<p>VanDer Wheele,Wayne. A Story of Historical Interest. Argos Centennial, local publication. 1951</p><br>
<p>Marshall County Historical Society. History of Marshall County Sesquicentennial l836-1986, Taylor Publishing Co. USA, 1986</p><br>
<p>Sanborn maps for Argos, Walnut Twp. Marshall County, IN 1892, 1898, 1907, 1913,1924.</p><br>
<p>Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana. Marshall County Interim Report: Historic Sites and Structures Survey, 1990.</p><br>
<p>Various items from the Argos Reflector: January 22, 1885; March 17, 1898; August 2, 1900; August 23, 1900; September 17, 1931</p><br>
<p>Incapillo is a Pleistocene caldera, a depression formed by the collapse of a volcano, in the La Rioja province of Argentina. Part of the Argentine Andes, it is considered the southernmost volcanic centre in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes with Pleistocene activity. Incapillo is one of several ignimbritic or calderic systems that, along with 44 active stratovolcanoes, are part of the Central Volcanic Zone.</p><br>
<p>Subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America plate is responsible for most of the volcanism in the Central Volcanic Zone. After activity in the western Maricunga Belt volcanic arc ceased six million years ago, volcanism started up in the Incapillo region, forming the high volcanoes Monte Pissis, Cerro Bonete Chico and Sierra de Veladero. Later, a number of lava domes formed between these volcanoes.</p><br>
<p>Incapillo is the source of the Incapillo ignimbrite, a medium-sized deposit comparable to the Katmai ignimbrite. With a volume of about 20.4 km3, the Incapillo ignimbrite was erupted 0.52 ± 0.03 and 0.51 ± 0.04 million years ago. A caldera with dimensions of 5 x was formed during the eruption. Later volcanism generated more lava domes within the caldera and a debris flow in the Sierra de Veladero. The lake within the caldera may overlie an area of ongoing hydrothermal activity.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and structure</h2><br>
<p>Incapillo is located in Argentina&#39;s La Rioja province. The name "Incapillo" means "Crown of the Inca" in Quechua and is the highest caldera stemming from explosive activity in the world. It is also known as Bonete caldera.</p><br>
<p>Incapillo is part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone, which extends through the countries of Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina and includes six or more Quaternary caldera or ignimbrite systems, about 44 stratovolcanoes, and over 18 smaller centres. One of these stratovolcanoes, Ojos del Salado, is the world&#39;s highest volcano. This zone also includes the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex and the Galan caldera farther south. Incapillo is the southernmost volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone with Pleistocene activity; the next such volcano to the south is Tupungato in the Southern Volcanic Zone at 33° southern latitude.</p><br>
<p>Incapillo is a caldera with a diameter of 5 x at an elevation of 5,750 m. The three adjacent volcanic centres of Monte Pissis (6,882 m), Cerro Bonete Grande (6,436 m), and Cerro Bonete Chico (6,759 m) are also considered part of this volcanic complex and are among the highest on Earth. These centres surround the ignimbrite and lava domes. The walls of the caldera are 250 m high. A uniform ignimbrite, called the Incapillo ignimbrite, is rich in pumice and forms the bulk of the caldera walls.</p><br>
<p>Around the caldera lie 40 lava domes, which extend northwest-southeast. There is an eastern group between Monte Pissis and Cerro Bonete Chico and a western one on the Sierra de Veladero. Overall, the domes have heights of 100 – and a basal apron of about 1 km width of erosional material. Some domes have water-filled craters with widths of 20 m at their top. Domes on the caldera&#39;s northern side are dacitic and show signs of alteration. Some domes are probably part of the pre-caldera complex, and several rhyodacitic domes were modified by erosional processes after caldera formation; these were formerly considered erosional remnants. Older domes have reddish oxidized colours in satellite images. The total volume of the domes is about 16 km3.</p><br>
<p>Next to a heavily hydrothermally altered lava dome in the centre of the caldera lies the Laguna Corona del Inca. This 350 m deep and 5,300 m high lake measures 2 x. The lake has probably generated the evaporite and lacustrine deposits that lie on the caldera floor. Water temperatures of 13 &deg;C obtained by satellite measurements suggest that some hydrothermal activity persists. The lake is fed by meltwater.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Nazca plate subducts beneath the South America plate at a speed of 7 - per year in the area of the Central Volcanic Zone. The subduction results in volcanism along the occidental Cordillera 240 – east of the trench formed by the subduction.</p><br>
<p>Incapillo is one of at least six different ignimbrite or caldera volcanoes that are part of the Central Volcanic Zone, in Chile, Bolivia and Argentina. The Central Volcanic Zone is one of four different volcanic arcs in the Andes. About 50 km west of Incapillo lies the Maricunga Belt, where volcanism started 27mya and involved phases of ignimbritic and stratovolcanic activity, including Copiapo volcano, until activity ceased with the last eruption of Nevado de Jotabeche 6mya. South of Incapillo, the Pampean flat slab region is associated with tectonic deformation and lack of volcanic activity until Tupungato volcano farther south.</p><br>
<p>S. L. de Silva and P. Francis suggested in their 1991 book Volcanoes of the Central Andes that the Central Volcanic Zone should be subdivided into two systems of volcanoes, one in Peru and another in Chile, on the basis of the orientation (northwestsoutheast versus northsouth). C.A. Wood, G. McLaughlin and P. Francis in a 1987 paper at the American Geophysical Union suggested instead a subdivision into nine different groups.</p><br>
<h3>Local</h3><br>
<p>Incapillo is found on a crust 70 km thick, among the thickest in volcanic regions of the Earth. Several studies by Suzanne Mahlburg Kay and others indicate that trends in the isotope ratios are because of a thickening crust and increased contribution thereof to the magmas. At the latitude of Incapillo, the northern Antofalla terrane borders the Cuyania terrane, both of which were attached to South America during the Ordovician but are of different provenance.</p><br>
<p>At the latitude of Incapillo, the Nazca plate subducting beneath the South America plate abruptly shallows towards the south. This shallowing forms the limit between the volcanically active Central Volcanic Zone and the magmatically inactive Pampean flat slab region farther south. This magmatic inactivity occurs because the flat slab removes the asthenospheric wedge.</p><br>
<p>Incapillo is part of a volcanic system active between 3.5 and 2mya that includes Ojos del Salado and Nevado Tres Cruces. It was the last volcanic centre formed in the region; subsequently, the shallowing of the subducting slab prevented volcanism east and south of it. Another volcanic trend considers Incapillo as part of a northeastsouthwest trend with Cerro Galan and Cerro Blanco. This trend may be related to delamination of the lower crust. Also, these centres are located between two domains of different rigidity, an Ordovician sedimentary domain of low rigidity and a higher rigidity basement.</p><br>
<p>The formation of the older lava domes may have been influenced by buried faults or the supply systems of the older Pissis and Bonete Chico volcanoes. Isotope and composition data suggest that the magma of Incapillo forms at relatively constrained depths of 65 – above the shallow slab. A focus of seismic activity is found at Incapillo.</p><br>
<h3>Composition</h3><br>
<p>The Incapillo ignimbrite is formed by potassium-rich and magnesium-poor rhyodacite, forming glassy and porous pumice with individual clasts of 5 – in diameter. Typical pumice contains crystals of biotite, hornblende, plagioclase, quartz, and sanidine, with minor amounts of apatite, iron oxides, and titanite. The lava domes have uniform crystalline compositions that are richer in magnesium than the ignimbrite. Within the lava dome rocks lie phenocrysts of amphibole, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, and titanite with some alkali feldspar in some domes. Older domes have higher amphibole and lower quartz content than younger domes. Post-caldera domes are strongly hydrothermally altered.</p><br>
<p>Rocks from Incapillo are rich in sodium and have high ratios of lanthanum and samarium to ytterbium and high ratios of barium to lanthanum, as well as high lead-206 to lead-204 and strontium-87/strontium-86 ratios. These rare-earth element patterns are similar to the Late Miocene Maricunga Belt rocks and contrast to early Miocene rocks. The changes occurred at the same time as the arc migrated eastward, terminating activity in the Maricunga Belt. The element ratios are pronouncedly arc-like with some adakitic signatures. The rocks contain considerably more sodium and alumina than almost all Central Andes siliceous volcanic rocks.</p><br>
<p>The composition of the lava domes suggests that they were formed by degassed magma left behind by the caldera-forming eruption. The pre-caldera lava domes were generated either directly from a common magma chamber or indirectly through secondary chambers. The lead isotope ratios are consistent with the volcano having formed at the edge of an area of granite and rhyolite of Paleozoic age. Incapillo magmas probably formed as adakitic high-pressure mafic magmas derived from the crust, either directly by anatexis or indirectly by dragged-down crustal fragments. The magmas are then modified by crustal contamination and fractional crystallization. As the subducting slab shallowed, crustal garnet-containing lherzolite and granulite-eclogite, contributed both from the crustal basis and forearc rocks that were dragged down by the subducting slab, became an increasingly important component of erupted magmas. Eventually, the Incapillo magma chamber was disconnected from the mantle and lower crust.</p><br>
<p>The Incapillo ignimbrite contains xenoliths with sizes of 0.5 – formed by amphibolite. Amphibole crystals are enclosed in intersitital plagioclase crystals and sometimes contain secondary biotite crystals. Amphibole is the dominant component.</p><br>
<h2>Climate, hydrology and vegetation</h2><br>
<p>Incapillo as a high altitude location has an alpine climate, with low temperatures and low oxygen, high winds and predominantly summer precipitation. Incapillo itself has no weather stations and thus climate data from there are not available, however Laguna Brava farther south has an average precipitation of 300 mm and temperatures of 0 -. The Desaguadero River originates on Bonete.</p><br>
<p>Vegetation varies depending on the water supply and altitude of the site, with an upper altitude limit of 4,300 - beneath of which the vegetation takes the form of a scrub steppe. Grasses at 5,000 m include Festuca, Stipa and in wetter areas also genera like Calamagrostis. Scrub like Adesmia and Nototriche copon occasionally form dense scrub patches.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Activity at Incapillo commenced shortly after the end of the Maricunga Belt volcanism and occurred first at Monte Pissis between 6.5 and 3.5mya. Later volcanism occurred south of Incapillo 4.7±0.5mya, at Sierra de Veladero 5.6±1–3.6±0.5mya, and in the region of Cerro Bonete Chico 5.2±0.6–3.5±0.1mya. Some of the 32mya Pircas Negras mafic andesites appear to be associated with the Incapillo volcanic complex. These rocks form the last pulse of the Pircas Negras volcanism. Specific ages of the Pircas Negras flows in the Incapillo region include 4.7±0.5mya, 3.2±0.3mya and 1.9±0.2mya. Later, andesitic-rhyolitic volcanism formed ignimbrites and lava domes 2.9±0.4–1.1±0.4mya, with the youngest pre-caldera dome being 0.873±0.077mya old. The lava domes formed through non-explosive extrusion.</p><br>
<p>The Incapillo ignimbrite is an unwelded ignimbrite that covers a surface area of 80.47 km&sup2, extending to a distance of 15 km from the caldera. The ignimbrite appears in an eastward-heading ephemeral river valley and the southern Quebrada del Veladero, possibly also next to the Rio Salado headwaters. Thicknesses range from 250 to 10 m; the ignimbrite is underlain by a lithic-and-ash rich surge deposit with a thickness of 5 cm. The ignimbrite displays banding features away from the caldera and in Quebrada de Veladero football-sized clasts are mixed within fine ash. Rocks from the ignimbrites farther away from their source indicate the ignimbrite probably formed from the mixing of less viscous dacitic magma with rhyolite. The total volume of the ignimbrite is about 20.4 km3. Ages have been found of 0.52 ± 0.03 and 0.51 ± 0.04mya ago. It is a rhyodacitic to rhyolitic ignimbrite with a high crystal and pumice and low lithic content. The dense rock equivalent volume is about 14 km3. The volume of the Incapillo ignimbrite is comparable to that of the Katmai ignimbrite. The ignimbrite was probably formed from a low-height fountaining eruption without a high eruption column, forming a base surge first and pyroclastic flows later. The change from lava dome to ignimbrite-forming eruptions may have been triggered by the injection of hotter magmas into the magma chamber or less likely by changes in the tectonic context. During the eruption, a piston-like collapse formed the caldera.</p><br>
<p>Later, a debris flow named Veladero (also known as Quebrada de Veladero Ignimbrite) occurred in a glacier valley south of the caldera. It is rich in lithics and pumice. These lithics are derived from Sierra de Veladero, Cerro Bonete Chico, and Pircas Negras lavas. The debris flow ranges from 15 to 25 m in thickness 5 km south of the caldera to 10 to 15 m farther south, the total volume being 0.7 –. The debris flow does have a different composition from the main Incapillo ignimbrite, as it contains red-brown dacite and clasts. It has a massive ungraded composition and is likely a lahar or debris flow deposit, probably influenced by glacial or crater lake water. Wind-driven effects have generated hummocky ridges.</p><br>
<p>There are no dates available for post-caldera lava domes, which probably arose from magma ascending through the caldera forming conduits, seeing as these domes are found only inside the caldera. The elevated temperatures of the caldera lake suggest that hydrothermal activity still occurs beneath Incapillo.</p><br>
<p>Plymouth Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located in Plymouth, Marshall County, Indiana, United States. The district encompasses 47 contributing buildings and one contributing structure in the central business district of Plymouth. It developed between about 1870 and 1940, and includes examples of Italianate, Romanesque Revival, and Colonial Revival style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Plymouth Fire Station. Other notable buildings include the Montgomery Ward Building , Metsker Block , Rentschler Building , Early Plymouth Post Office , First National Bank-Plymouth City Hall , Packard Bank Block , Simons Building , Wheeler Block , Bank Block , Bank Block-Masonic Temple , Plymouth Post Office , and Plymouth Motor Sales .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Historic District comprises approximately four blocks of the original plat of Plymouth, laid out in 1834. The town is situated on the high north and west banks of the Yellow River, and along the north-south alignment of the Michigan Road. The district consists of generally continuous facade lines of masonry constructed commercial structures built from about 1870 to 1960. With few exceptions, the buildings retain a high level of integrity to their original appearance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Center Township was organized in February 1836, Plymouth was chosen as the county seat. It consisted of a few log houses. Growth was slow until the railroads arrived in the 1850s. Center Township&#39;s economy was based on agriculture which expanded with the railroads, and Plymouth developed as a commercial center. The Downtown Historic District reflects that development and growth.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Road was built from the Ohio River at Madison, through Indianapolis through Plymouth and South Bend to Lake Michigan in the 1800s. It had a right-of-way of 100 ft. In Plymouth, main commercial blocks formed along the line of the right-of-way. Michigan Street was and remains the principal commercial corridor.</p><br>
<h2>Location and description</h2><br>
<p>The district extends along the Michigan Road, now Michigan Street. The cross street at the southern end of the district is the LaPorte Trail or LaPorte Street, which runs between the Pennsylvania Railroad Depot on the west and the East Laporte Street Footbridge (National Register) on the east, over the Yellow River. Garro Street bi-sects the district. Just east of the district, Garro Street ends at the Yellow River, across from Lincoln High School, noted for its landscaping by Jens Jensen. The north end of the district is along Washington Street.</p><br>
<p>The width of Michigan Street allowed for wide sidewalks and angled parking. Over 90% of the buildings are two story structures, of 30 to 40 ft in height. The facades are continuous, without a gap within the district. The eastern boundary (Water Street) and the western boundary (Central Street) have 60 ft right-of-ways. Water Street consists principally of one story, twentieth century functional structures and is primarily commercial in nature.</p><br>
<h2>Notable buildings</h2><br>
<p>Buildings have been identified in order of significance: C=Contributing towards the historic character of the district; N=Notable for preservation and architectural style; O=Outstanding structure that may have significant historic values to be designated an historic property on its own.</p><br>
<p>West Garro Street (North Side)</p><br>
<p>124 Post Office; Colonial Revival, 1935 (Joe H. Wildermuth, architect) (C)</p><br>
<p>West La Porte Street (South Side)</p><br>
<p>111 - Centennial Opera House; Italianate, 109 1876 (N)</p><br>
<p>North Center Street (East Side)</p><br>
<p>108 House; Gable-front/Gothic Revival, c.1870 (N)</p><br>
<p>220 Plymouth Fire Station; Italianate, 1875 (Robert McCance and William P. Beaton, builders) (O)</p><br>
<p>North Michigan Street (West Side)</p><br>
<p>101 - Richard Building; Neoclassical, 103 c.1910 (C)</p><br>
<p>123 Lauer Building; Neoclassical, 1910 (N)</p><br>
<p>201-203 Bank Block/Masonic Temple; Neoclassical, 1901 (N)</p><br>
<p>205 Bergman Building; Italianate, c.1890 (C)</p><br>
<p>209-211 Rialto Theatre; Twentieth Century Functional, c.1920 (C)</p><br>
<p>213-215 T and B Block; Neoclassical, c.1910 (N)</p><br>
<p>102 Rees Theatre; Art Deco, 1940 (Alves O&#39;Keefe, architect) (N)</p><br>
<p>120 Commercial Building; Italianate, c.1885 (N)</p><br>
<p>124 First National Bank; Neoclassical, 1879/1916 (W. S. Mathews, architect, 1879 section) (O) (City Bldg 20160)</p><br>
<p>204 Rentschler Building; Neoclassical, c.1910 (N)</p><br>
<p>206 Reeve Block; Twentieth Century Functional, c.1910 (C)</p><br>
<p>210-212 Metsker Block; Neoclassical, c.1910 (N)</p><br>
<p>218- Disher-Shakes-Williams Building; 224 Neoclassical, c.1910 (N)</p><br>
<p>The Wilson Building, also known as the Wilson Block, is a historic building located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States. The two-story Italianate commercial building was built in 1876 by James F. Wilson as an investment property. In 1865 Wilson helped establish and served as president of the First National Bank in Fairfield, and in 1870 he and R. H. Hufford, C. W. Slagle, and George Acheson, organized the Jefferson County Coal Company. Wilson had been a three-term Republican Congressman representing Iowas 1st congressional district. Seven years after this building was constructed he began the first of two terms in the United States Senate. He had a Senate office in this building from 1883 to 1895. The historic significance of this building reflects the importance of Wilsons contributions to the economic life of Fairfield, and his political career. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>East Shore Historic District, also known as Lake Maxinkuckee Historic District, is a national historic district located in Union Township, Marshall County, Indiana. The district encompasses 114 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 1 contributing structure in a resort development along the shore of Lake Maxinkuckee. It developed between about 1873 and 1945, and includes examples of Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. The district includes Maxinkuckee Country Club. Notable buildings include the Norris Farmhouse , Trone Cottage , Roach-Rockwood Cottage , Elliott Cottage , Gates-Holliday Cottage , Marmon Cottage , and Norman Perry House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Plymouth Northside Historic District is a national historic district located at Plymouth, Marshall County, Indiana. The district encompasses 141 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 6 contributing structures, and 3 contributing objects in a predominantly residential section of Plymouth. It developed between about 1870 and 1940, and includes examples of Italianate, Gothic Revival, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Neoclassical, and Renaissance Revival style architecture. Located in the district is the separately listed Marshall County Courthouse. Other notable contributing resources include Magnetic Park , First United Methodist Church , J.C. Capron House , Samuel Schlosser House , Clay Metsker House , Plymouth Church of the Brethren , Logan-Stanley Fountain , Stevens House , and First Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Plymouth Southside Historic District is a national historic district located at Plymouth, Marshall County, Indiana. The district encompasses 91 contributing buildings, 2 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in a predominantly residential section of Plymouth. It developed between about 1853 and 1953, and includes examples of Italianate, Greek Revival, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Tudor Revival style architecture. Notable contributing resources include the John McFarlin, Jr., House , Trinity United Methodist Church , Bible Baptist Church , Felke Florist and Greenhouse , John Soice Residence , Westervelt-Marble Residence , and Edwards-Gambel Residence .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Former US Post Office Building is a historic building located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States. The two-story, brick, Italianate structure was built in 1876 by James F. Wilson. It was the first building in Fairfield built specifically for the federal government. In 1865 Wilson helped establish and served as president of the First National Bank in Fairfield. He also built several store fronts as investments. The Wilson Building immediately adjacent to this building is one of them. By the time this building was constructed Wilson had been a three-term Republican Congressman representing Iowas 1st congressional district. Seven years after this building was constructed he began the first of two terms in the United States Senate. At this time the post office typically rented buildings for its use. The historic significance of this building reflects Wilsons political connections in the federal government. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Fairfield Public Library is located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States. A library association was founded by a group of local men in 1853, and funded by dues from its members. It was housed in several different buildings for the first 40 years. USA Senator James F. Wilson from Fairfield was instrumental in obtaining a grant from Andrew Carnegie for a building of its own. The grant for $40,000 was accepted on January 15, 1892. It was the first Carnegie Library outside of Western Pennsylvania and the first of 101 built in Iowa. It was also one the few libraries Carnegie funded without stipulations concerning its use, public support, or design. The building was designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style by Kansas City architect C. Stafford. It was officially opened on Friday, September 29, 1893, and it was dedicated on November 28 of the same year. The association continued to run the library until 1899 when voters approved a referendum to support it with taxes. The building has been altered in the ensuing years, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The library moved to a new building in 1996, and the historic building is now home to the Jefferson Center of Indian Hills Community College.</p><br>
<p>The Gobble and Heer-Spurgeons Building is a historic building located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a three-story, brick, Queen Anne commercial building that was built by Ed Hunt and E. A. Howard on the north side of the town square in 1892. They did not occupy the building themselves, but rented to Harry Booker for his clothing store and the Bevering Cigar Store. Lee T. Gobble and Charles H. Heer bought the clothing store from the Booker estate in 1899. Both the clothing store and the cigar store remained in the building until the 1930s when the entire first floor was taken over by Spurgeons. The upper floors were a mix of offices, apartments, and a lodge hall for the Knights of Pythias and the Pythian Sisters on the third floor. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Renke and Wubke Renken House, also known as the R.G. Renken Estate, is a historic building located in Parkersburg, Iowa, United States. The two-story, brick, Italianate style house was designed by F.M. Ellis and completed in 1884. The wrap-around porch, added in 1901, is influenced by the emerging Queen Anne style. The house was built for R.G. Renken, a native of Lehr, Germany who emigrated to the United States in 1870 and settled in Parkersburg the following year. He and his brother-in-law Fritz Tammen became partners in a successful general merchandise and clothing store named Renken and Tammen. Later on, Renken became involved in banking and with Charles Wolf, whose house is also on the National Register, managed the communitys finances. He also held the positions of school board treasurer and town recorder. Renken contributed $10,000 in 1898 to build the communitys first electric power plant, Parkersburg Electric Light & Power Company. He served as one of the power plant&#39;s directors. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Pyramid of Naqada, also called the Pyramid of Ombos, is part of a group of seven very similar small step pyramids, which were all erected far from the major centres of Egypt and about which very little is known. It is located about 300 metres north of the ruins of the ancient site of Ombos, near the modern city of Naqada in Upper Egypt. The first  excavation was undertaken in 1895 by Flinders Petrie and James Edward Quibell.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The pyramid measures 18.39 metres on each side and currently is about 4.5 metres tall. It is not oriented to true north, but 12° to the northeast - in parallel with the course of the Nile. The pyramid consists of a core which measures about 5.75 metres on each side, around which three layers of roughly hewen stone were placed. The structure may have originally consisted of three steps. Locally sourced limestone was used as the building material. Under the southwest corner, Petrie discovered a grave measuring 1.25 by 2.00 metres, which very likely does not belong to the pyramid. It is much more likely that it is a secondary burial.</p><br>
<h2>Construction and purpose</h2><br>
<p>The builder and purpose of the pyramid are unknown. Günter Dreyer and Werner Kaiser considered it and the other six pyramids of this group to be a cohesive building project of Pharaoh Huni, the last ruler of the Third Dynasty. Andrzej Ćwiek sees things similarly, but prefers Huni&#39;s successor, Snofru (c.2670-2620 BC), the first ruler of the Fourth Dynasty, as the builder. Theories about the purpose of this and the other pyramids range from a site of royal representation, to a depiction of the benben stone, a symbol of the political and religious unity of the land, or a monument for a royal wife.</p><br>
<p>The Rockland Breakwater is a breakwater sheltering the harbor of Rockland, Maine. More than 4,000 ft long, it was built in the 1890s by the United States Army Corps of Engineers out of locally quarried granite to improve the harbor&#39;s ability to shelter ships from coastal storms. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The city of Rockland is located on the west side of Penobscot Bay in the Mid Coast region of Maine. Its harbor, long regarded as one of the finest east of Portland, was frequently used in the 19th century as a safe harbor during bad weather. It was less than ideally suited to this task, because its large east-facing opening would still subject ships at anchor to storms with winds from the northeast. Major storms in the 1850s highlighted the need for improved harbor protection, but federal appropriate for a project was not approved until 1880. Between 1880 and 1900 the United States Army Corps of Engineers, under a series of Congressional appropriations, built the breakwater. The lighthouse standing at its end was added in 1902.</p><br>
<p>The breakwater extends south from Jameson Point (marking the northern point of the harbor mouth), and has a total length of 4,364 ft. It is built out of locally quarried granite, and has a roughly trapezoidal cross-section, its seaward face sloping more gradually than the harbor side, in order to better take the battering of sea waves. The top of the breakwater is about 43 ft wide, while its underwater base is an estimated 175 ft wide. The visible top is formed out of coursed granite blocks. About 700,000 tons of rock were used in its construction. The breakwater is believed to be unique among Army Corps 19th-century breakwaters in its exclusive use of local materials.</p><br>
<p>The Hussey–Littlefield Farm is a historic farmstead at 63 Hussey Road in Albion, Maine. Developed between about 1838 and 1905, the farm&#39;s connected homestead exhibits the evolutionary changes of rural agricultural architecture in 19th-century Maine. The farmstead was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hussey–Littlefield farmstead stands on the west side of Hussey Road, in central Albion southeast of the village center. The farmstead consists of a connected series of wood-frame structures, with the main house at the northern end and a barn at the southern. The house is a 2-1/2 story structure, with a side gable roof, and a porch extending across its front. It has modest Italianate styling, with corner pilasters and decorative trident-shaped posts supporting the porch. A small ell extends to the rear of the house, with a second ell extending to its left (south). That ell is connected to a wagon shed, which connects the structure to the main barn.</p><br>
<p>The farm property was settled in 1838 by Silas Hussey, and it is believed that he soon thereafter built the house and the barn, as separate structures. The rear ell is an integral part of this construction. Sometime between 1859 and 1873, the south ell and wagon shed were added by his son Bert. The farm was sold by Bert&#39;s grandchildren to the Littlefields, who were in the second generation of ownership when the property was listed on the National Register in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Cojines del Zaque  is an archeological site of the Muisca located in the city of Tunja, Boyacá, which in the time of the Muisca Confederation was called Hunza. The cojines are two round stones used in the religion of the Muisca to worship Sun god Sué and his wife; Moon goddess Chía. When the Spanish conquistadores arrived, they called them Cojines del Diablo.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>During the time before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca, the central highlands of the Colombian Andes (Altiplano Cundiboyacense) were populated by the Muisca. This advanced civilization had its own religion and rituals, centered around the most important deities Sué and Chía. The northern territories were ruled by the iraca of Sugamuxi, the tundama of Tundama and the zaque based in Hunza.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Cojines are two circular stones made of sandstone located at the base of the San Lázaro hill in Tunja. The northernmost Cojín measures 1.1 m in diameter and the southern pillow 1 m. The stones are oriented with respect to the solar elliptic and consist of an inclined part in the west and a flat part in the east. The rocks were used by the zaque to kneel down and pray to Sué at sunrise.</p><br>
<p>The Cojines were studied as of 1847 and in 1928 the city of Tunja made the stones into an archeological site.</p><br>
<h3>Rituals and festivities</h3><br>
<p>Every morning the zaque would go in a procession from his grand bohío in Hunza to the Cojines. Apart from the daily rituals, also with sowing and harvests, rituals were performed on the Cojines del Zaque.</p><br>
<p>The Muisca calendar defined the months of sowing and harvests and those periods would fall on the Gregorian calendar in the months of March and September respectively. To increase the fertility of the lands the Muisca had their agriculture, they performed festivities to the gods around the Cojines del Zaque. During these festivals, the Muisca danced in groups, holding hands and sang to the music of flutes, ocarinas and other instruments. They danced on the rhythm of drums. During these rituals the Muisca got drunk by drinking their typical chicha.</p><br>
<p>Sometimes twelve year-old boys; moxas, captured from other indigenous peoples in the region would be sacrificed to the gods at the site of the Cojines del Zaque. The heads of the boys would be placed on the cojines and the children decapitated draining the Cojines in blood. The Muisca left their bodies lying there as food for Sué. The bodies would be retrieved after a few days.</p><br>
<p>Turbot  is a small island and a townland of County Galway, in Ireland, also referred as Inishturbot and Talbot Island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Turbot Island lies off the Irish coast not faraway from Clifden and Cleggan. It is located South of Inishturk and West of Aird Mhór Peninsula. The easiest place to land on Turbot is the North side of the island, where most of the old houses are gathered. A road cuts Turbot from East to West.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A small community used to live on Turbot, but the island was evacuated in 1978. Later some of the old buildings were transformed into holiday homes.</p><br>
<h3>Demographics</h3><br>
<p>The table below shows data on Inisturk&#39;s population taken from Discover the Islands of Ireland (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999) and the Census of Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Fargo Estate Historic District is a national historic district located at Buffalo, Erie County, New York. The district encompasses 390 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing objects in the West Side neighborhood of Buffalo. This predominantly residential district developed between about 1850 and 1930, and includes notable examples of Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and American Craftsman style architecture. A 2 1/2-block section of the neighborhood was developed between about 1888 and 1910 on the former "Fargo Estate," the home of William Fargo. Located in the district are the separately listed Engine House No. 2 and Hook and Ladder No. 9 and a section of the Delaware Park-Front Park System . Other notable buildings include the Benedict House , Plymouth Methodist Episcopal Church / now Karpeles Library and Manuscript Museum , and West Side Presbyterian Church / now Iglesia de Cristo Misionera .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<p>Sinclair, Rooney & Co. Building, also known as the Remington Rand Building and Sperry-Rand Building, is a historic building located in downtown Buffalo, Erie County, New York. It was designed by the noted architecture firm Esenwein & Johnson and built between 1909 and 1911. The building is representative of Commercial Style architecture. The six-story, steel frame and concrete, "L"-shaped building is clad in yellow brick and consists of a rectangular main block, approximately 60-feet by 164-feet, with an extension of approximately 30-feet by 63-feet. It features brick pilasters that extend to the sixth floor, where they are capped by ornamental brick brackets and dentil molding below the roofline. It was built for Sinclair, Rooney, & Co., wholesale milliners, and later occupied by Remington Rand Corporation and its successor Sperry-Rand. The building housed offices and light manufacturing activities.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Purinton Family Farm is a historic farmstead at 65 Elm Street in Topsham, Maine. Including three buildings dating to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it is a rare surviving example in the state of an early 19th-century unconnected farm complex. The property also includes the archaeological remains of an earlier settler&#39;s house, as well as prehistoric artifacts. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Purinton Family Farm occupies a property bounded on the south by the Androscoggin River, the west by the Brunswick-Topsham Bypass (Maine State Route 196), and the north by Elm Street (Maine State Route 24). Its eastern boundary is a gully separating the property from the Topsham Public Library and other properties. The farm includes three wood frame buildings: the main house, a barn, and a grain storage crib. The house is a Federal period 2-1/2 story structure, with a hip roof and a long single-story kitchen ell extending northwest from the main block. The barn stands west of the house, and the crib nearby. The crib is an unusual structure, framed out of heavy timbers that are not typical for buildings of its size, suggesting they were recycled from another building.</p><br>
<p>The property has a long history of occupation. One corner of the property, examined during an archaeological survey, exposed evidence of prehistoric occupation dating to the Susquehannah period (4000–3000 years ago). The property was first occupied by European settlers during the 1760s, when Robert Gore built what was described as some sort of fortified garrison house. This house was apparently demolished in the early 19th century, and a foundation suspected to belong to it was found during the archaeological work. In 1775 Gore sold the property to James Purinton. Purinton and his son Ezekiel were responsible for construction of the house, barn, and crib found on the property today. The property remained in the Purinton family until 1936.</p><br>
<p>The Moon Temple of Chía was a temple constructed by the Muisca as a place of worship for their Moon goddess Chía. The temple was built in Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia, then part of the Muisca Confederation. It was one of the most important temples in the religion of the Muisca. The temple was destroyed during the Spanish conquest of the Muisca on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. Little is known about the temple built on the Tíquiza Hill in western Chía bordering Tabio.</p><br>
<h2>Structure and worship</h2><br>
<p>The Temple of the Moon was built on the Tíquiza Hill west of the urban centre of Chía. The Muisca had an advanced knowledge of astronomy and constructed various sites across their territories. El Infiernito, just outside Villa de Leyva has survived, while the Sun Temple of Sugamuxi has been reconstructed. Just like the Sun Temple, the Moon temple was constructed according to the positions of the respective celestial body.</p><br>
<p>At the temple rituals were organised by the caciques and zipas of the Muisca Confederation. The caciques and priests at the Moon Temple wore white robes, different from those at the Sun Temple that were red.</p><br>
<h2>Other Moon temples in the world</h2><br>
<p>Pyramid of the Moon - Aztec religion</p><br>
<p>San Gervasio - Maya religion</p><br>
<p>Temple of the Moon - Inca religion</p><br>
<p>Temple of the Moon - China</p><br>
<p>Somnath - Hinduism</p><br>
<p>Parmachenee Lake is on the Magalloway River near the Canadian border on the western edge of Maine. The lake was named for the son of Native American chief Metalluk, and is best known for the Gilded Age Parmachenee Club.</p><br>
<p>The Magalloway River headwaters enter the north end of the lake in Parmachenee township, and the lake extends south into Lynchtown township where it overflows 2 mi upstream of Aziscohos Reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Angling</h2><br>
<p>The lake is habitat for native brook trout and land-locked Atlantic salmon preying on rainbow smelt, minnows, and suckers. As trout and salmon disappeared from rivers in more heavily populated parts of the United States, a group of affluent New York lawyers pooled resources to preserve the Parmachenee Lake area for angling and sport hunting by their friends and families. Their Parmachenee Club protected the ecosystem from market hunters and commercial fishing until the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife implemented fisheries management on a statewide scale. Water quality remains good in the lake, and populations of native fish survive and reproduce without stocking.</p><br>
<h2>Parmachenee Club</h2><br>
<p>The Parmachenee Club was formed in 1890 to lease 120,000 acre of commercial forest land extending south from the Canadian border where they built a camp in the meadows along the Magalloway River. Club members lodged at the camp while engaged in sport hunting and angling. The Brown Company and International Paper Company built a log driving dam in 1910 which flooded the Parmachenee Club lodge. The club built Camp Caribou as improved lodging facilities on Treats Island in Parmachenee Lake. As angling opportunities declined on more accessible lakes before the advent of fishing licenses, fishing seasons, slot limits, and creel limits, the nearly aboriginal conditions of the private reserve of the Parmachenee Club became legendary among outdoor writers. Parmachenee Lake became a vacation retreat for the United States industrial and political elite. One of the last visitors, before the club disbanded in the 1960s, was President Dwight D. Eisenhower.</p><br>
<h2>Parmachenee Belle</h2><br>
<p>Fly fishing was the preferred angling method of the gilded age; and anglers often tied their own artificial flies. Rhode Island patent attorney and Parmachenee Club member Henry Parkhurst Wells invented an artificial fly he named the Parmachenee Belle in remembrance of fishing on Parmachenee Lake. The pattern has been widely copied and used across the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Lithgow House is a historic house on Blinn Hill Road in Dresden, Maine. Built about 1819, it is a little-altered Federal period house, distinctive for an extremely unusual floor plan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lithgow House stands northeast of the village of Dresden Mills, on the north side of Blinn Hill Road near the local cemetery. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof pierced by two brick chimneys, and clapboard siding. The main facade faces south, and consists of three slightly asymmetrical bays. The entrance is in a gabled vestibule projecting from the center bay, flanked by sidelight windows. The interior retains many original period features, including woodwork and door hardware. The vestibule has two separate entrances into the two parlor rooms at the front of the house, which are also connected to each other by a wide pair of double-hinged door. The room originally serving as the kitchen is behind the left parlor, with a winding stair in a narrow hall between the two chimneys. A single-story ell, of mid-19th century construction, extends to the rear and provides a more modern kitchen space. The property also includes a barn of mid-19th century vintage.</p><br>
<p>The land on which this house was built was originally owned by James Lithgow, an early settler of this portion of the Kennebec River valley. In 1818 he divided it between his two sons, Alfred and Llewellyn, one of whom probably built this house before 1820. This determination is made primarily based on the style of the interior woodwork. The Lithgows were prominent local citizens, with Llewellyn operating a sawmill and gristmill, and financially underwriting the Bridge Academy. Later owners include Dr. Horatio Allen, one of the town&#39;s first physicians.</p><br>
<p>The Abel Jones House is a historic house at 33 Jones Road in the village of South China, Maine. Built in 1815, it is a fine local example of Federal period architecture, which is most notable as the birthplace and childhood home of the important Quaker writer and historian Rufus Jones. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983; it is one of several properties in South China to be listed for their association with Jones.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Abel Jones House stands on the east side of Jones Road, a short way north of the South China Public Library. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof. It is oriented with its original main facade facing south (presenting a side to the road), with a long single-story ell extending along the road to its rear. Its interior, originally a center hall plan, was reoriented in the mid-19th century toward the road: the entrance was relocated to the street-facing facade (now sheltered by an Italianate hood), and its central hall was converted into a bedroom. The interior retains some of its original Federal period features, including pumpkin pine flooring and fireplace mantels (although one is a replica of a destroyed original).</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1815 by Abel Jones, member of a prominent local Quaker family, and the grandfather of Rufus Jones. Rufus Jones was born and raised here, leaving in 1879 to attend school in Providence, Rhode Island. He returned frequently to stay here during his productive career as a historian, writer, speaker, and theologian.</p><br>
<p>Zhiren Cave is a karstic cave in the Mulan Mountains that overlooks the Hejiang River in Chongzuo, Guangxi, China.</p><br>
<h2>Fossils</h2><br>
<p>The fossil remains were discovered by Chinese paleontologists in 2007. The fossils were covered by a continuous layer of flowstone, a layer that was initially dated to around 113,000 to 100,000 BP. A more thorough re-dating was later undertaken, and gives an estimate date of around 116,000 to 106,000 BP.</p><br>
<p>Some of the large mammal remains discovered at Zhiren Cave include those from Pongo pygmaeus, Elephas kiangnanensis, Elephas maximus, Megatapirus augustus, Rhinoceros sinensis, Megalovis guangxiensis, Cervus unicolor, Ursus thibetanus, Arctonyx collaris and Panthera pardus. Around 25% of the large mammal species discovered at the site are now currently extinct.</p><br>
<p>Three pieces of hominin remains were identified: two upper molars (Zhiren 1 and Zhiren 2) and an anterior mandible (Zhiren 3). The fossils are believed to have belonged to at least two different individuals, as Zhiren 1 and Zhiren 3 are unlikely to have come from the same individual.</p><br>
<p>When compared to Late Pleistocene fossils from western Eurasia, Zhiren 1 and Zhiren 2 are smaller and would be classified as modern; however, the comparative context is lacking in East Asian Late Pleistocene fossils.</p><br>
<p>Zhiren 3 contains a mix of archaic and modern human features. The most significant aspect of Zhiren 3 is that it has a distinctively modern human chin. Coupled with the dating, Erik Trinkaus views the remains as evidence for "the oldest modern human outside of Africa." However, many others are skeptical of this conclusion, since this would significantly push back the general consensus on the dating of human migration out of Africa.</p><br>
<p>The Hunzahúa Well  is an archeological site of the Muisca located in the city of Tunja, Boyacá, which in the time of the Muisca Confederation was called Hunza. The well is named after the first zaque of Hunza; Hunzahúa. The Well was called Pozo de Donato for a while, after 17th century Jerónimo Donato de Rojas. The well is located on the terrain of the Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia in Tunja. Scholar Javier Ocampo López has written about the Well and its mythology. Knowledge about the well has been provided by scholar Pedro Simón.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>During the time before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca, the central highlands of the Colombian Andes (Altiplano Cundiboyacense) were populated by the Muisca. This advanced civilization had its own religion and rituals, centered around the most important deities Sué and Chía. The northern territories were ruled by the iraca of Sugamuxi, the tundama of Tundama and the zaque based in Hunza.</p><br>
<h2>Myth of Hunzahúa</h2><br>
<p>Hunzahúa, the first zaque of Hunza, fell in love with his sister, called Noncetá. Because of the illegality of incest in the Muisca traditions, Hunzahúa fled with his sister to Chipatá where he secretly married her. After the mother of both found out about this illegal act, she threw a stick to the couple that missed them both yet spilled the chicha over the ground, forming the Hunzahúa Well.</p><br>
<p>Hunzahúa and his wife and sister fled to Susa and there Noncetá gave birth to a child who promptly turned into a rock. The rock was left in a cave nearby. Upon this, the illegal couple continued further south into the terrains of the zipa until the Tequendama Falls where they, tired and desillusioned, after hiding in the woods, turned into two stones.</p><br>
<h3>Treasure of Quemuenchatocha</h3><br>
<p>Decades after the mythological acts of Hunzahúa, his later successor as zaque of Hunza, Quemuenchatocha hid his treasures (mainly gold and emeralds) in the Well upon the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores. Donato de Rojas ordered his men to try to recuperate the treasures of Quemuenchatocha, but without luck.</p><br>
<p>Afterwards, more myths about the well surfaced; it would be bottomless or connected via a tunnel with the cathedral of Tunja.</p><br>
<p>The Siecha Lakes are three glacial lakes located in the Chingaza Natural National Park in Cundinamarca, Colombia. The Andean lakes are considered sacred in the religion of the Muisca who inhabited the area before the Spanish conquest of the Muisca in the 1530s.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>In the Chibcha language of the Muisca Siecha means "House of the Lord".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Siecha Lakes consist of three small glacial lakes, from large to small and east to west; Siecha (63,893 m²), Guasca (56,846 m²) and De los Patos (20,662 m²). Alternative names for the smaller two are Fausto and America. The lakes belong to the municipality of Guasca. Fauna around the lakes are the birds American purple gallinule, helmeted curassow, torrent duck, Andean cock-of-the-rock, eagles and orange-fronted parakeet. In the lakes the birds Oxyura jamaicensis andina, Andean teal and the American coot can be found. Mammals around the lakes include the spectacled bear, white-tailed deer, red deer and the little red brocket.</p><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>In the colonial period, the lakes were partly drained to extract the golden artefacts of the Muisca from the water. In 1855 a golden raft was found in one of the lakes, similar to the famous Muisca raft. It was named Balsa de Siecha or "Siecha raft" and pictured in the book El Dorado by Muisca scholar Liborio Zerda in 1883. The discovery of the raft made Zerda believe that the site of the initiation ritual of the new zipa was not in Lake Guatavita, yet in the Siecha Lakes. Later, the raft was more-or-less legally taken from Colombia to Europe. The transporting ship burnt in the harbour of Bremen and the raft was lost.</p><br>
<h3>Tourism</h3><br>
<p>To visit the lakes certain rules apply; visits are only possible on Saturdays and Sundays, access at the entrance point needs to be not later than 10:00 AM and exit not after 4:00 PM. A maximum of 30 visitors per day is allowed.</p><br>
<p>The Eli and Sybil Jones House is a historic house at Maine State Route 3 and Dirigo Road in South China, Maine. Built in 1833, this modest house was the home of Quaker missionaries Eli and Sybil Jones, who gained international renown for their travels in Europe, the Middle East, and West Africa. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Eli and Sybil Jones House stands at a rural crossroads east of the village South China. It is set at the southwest corner of Maine State Route 3 and Dirigo Road. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame Cape style house, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. Its main facade, facing north toward SR 3, is five bays wide, with a simply trimmed center entrance. A similar-sized ell extends to the rear of the main block.</p><br>
<p>Eli Jones was a member of the locally prominent Jones family, and uncle to the Quaker writer and historian Rufus Jones, who was raised in South China. Jones and his wife Sybil moved into this house, newly built, after their marriage in 1833. The couple traveled widely performing missionary work, at a time when travel could be quite difficult, visiting the places as diverse as the Middle East and the rural coast of Norway. They traveled frequently to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and were received by the President of Liberia. Eli Jones was also active in local affairs, serving as principal of a local Quaker preparatory school, and in the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>The Danville Junction Grange is a historic Grange hall at 15 Grange Street in the Danville section of Auburn, Maine. It was built in 1898 for chapter 65 of the state Grange, and continues to be maintained by that organization as a public community resource. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Danville Junction Grange hall is located in southern Auburn, on the north side of Grange Street in the village of Danville Junction. It is a long rectangular wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboard siding, and a two-part foundation of brick and concrete. The short front facade is symmetrically arranged, with three bays across. The entrance is at the center of the ground floor, with a double door modestly trimmed, with sash windows filling the remaining bays, including one at the attic level. A single-story hip-roofed porch extends across the front, supported by chamfered square posts. Inside, the ground floor houses a dining room and kitchen behind the lobby, with an auditorium space on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Danville Junction Grange was organized in 1874, and is one of six to be established in Auburn. It first met in a local school, building its hall was built between 1898 and 1901 (partly reflected in the different foundations for its sections). Since that time, it has served a major local community resource, hosting dinners and other social events, theatrical productions, as well as civic functions, including meetings with municipal officials.</p><br>
<p>The Puente de Trujillo Alto is a Pennsylvania through truss bridge built during 1939-1941 in Puerto Rico in the Trujillo Alto municipality of Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<p>It was the longest single-span bridge in Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<p>A four-lane concrete bridge was built adjacently during 1983-85 as a replacement, with the historic bridge being slated for demolition, but local protests led to its being kept.</p><br>
<p>The supporting structures and bridge were built by Robert Prann, an engineer who established private practice in Puerto Rico, with steel components manufactured by USA Steel.</p><br>
<p>70 ft above, it crosses the Río Grande de Loíza, the largest river by volume in Puerto Rico. The height was intended to keep this bridge above flooding that had destroyed a previous bridge in 1936. However in 1945 even this bridge was flooded over and almost carried away.</p><br>
<p>China Lake is a lake in Kennebec County, Maine. Located northeast of the state capital of Augusta, China Lake is situated in the towns of China and Vassalboro. China Lake has two large basins connected by a narrow neck. The elongated eastern basin with an average depth of less than 30 ft is entirely within the town of China, and has an irregular shoreline heavily developed with residences and seasonal cottages. The more nearly circular western basin extending into East Vassalboro is as deep as 85 ft, and shoreline development around the western basin has been discouraged to allow use as a water supply for Waterville and Winslow. The western basin overflows into Outlet Stream in the town of Vassalboro. Outlet Stream flows 7 mi north to discharge into the Sebasticook River in Winslow 1 mi upstream of the Kennebec River.</p><br>
<p>Summer water temperatures in China Lake range from 72° near the surface to 48° in the deepest pools. Nutrient loading from shoreline development causes annual algal blooms with nocturnal depression of dissolved oxygen concentrations. These conditions have become unsuitable for historic populations of Atlantic salmon and lake trout. Introduced brown trout have adapted to lake conditions, and brook trout fishing has been sustained by stocking legal-size fish from surplus hatchery production. Fishermen seeking trout, chain pickerel, white perch, or smallmouth and largemouth bass may also catch yellow perch, sunfish, creek chub, white sucker, hornpout, or American eel. Public boat launch facilities are available at the north end of the eastern basin and in Vassalboro near the outlet of the western basin.</p><br>
<p>Bruniquel Cave is an archeological site near Bruniquel, in an area which has many paleolithic sites, east of Montauban in southwestern France. Annular  and accumulation  structures made of broken stalagmites have been found 336 metres from the cave entrance. Traces of fire were also found. The constructions have been dated to around 176 thousand years ago.</p><br>
<p>In a letter to Nature reporting the discovery in 2016, Jacques Jaubert and his co-authors state that the structures are of anthropogenic origin, and as early Neanderthals were the only humans in the area at that time, they must have been the builders, a conclusion which is accepted by Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London.</p><br>
<p>The discovery shows that early Neanderthals were capable of building more elaborate structures than previously realised, and that they had a more complex social organisation than previously thought. The modern human Aurignacian culture, over 100,000 years later, is not known to have produced constructions in caves.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>Bruniquel cave was closed naturally during the Pleistocene, and no one entered it until cavers dug through the collapsed entrance in 1990. A plan was made of the structures in the early 1990s, and a burnt bone was C14 dated to over 47,600 years, but research stopped after the death of the lead archeologist, and it was unclear whether the structures could be attributed to the Neanderthals. In 2013, Jacques Jaubert and his colleagues decided to study and date the structures, and they published a letter outlining the results of their research in Nature in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>The constructions</h2><br>
<p>The structures have been dated by uranium series dating as 176.5 (±2.1) thousand years old, with 2σ uncertainties (95.5% probability). There are two annular structures, one 6.7 by 4.5 metres, and the other 2.2 by 2.1 metres, composed of one to four aligned layers of stalagmites, with some small pieces placed inside the layers to support them. Some stalagmites were placed vertically against the rings, possibly as reinforcement. There are also four stacks of stalagmites between 0.55 and 2.60 metres in diameter, two of which were inside the large ring and two outside it. Around 400 stalagmite pieces (called "speleofacts" by the researchers) were used, with a total length of 112.4 metres and weight of around 2.2 tons.</p><br>
<p>Very few of the stalagmites are whole, with half being from the middle, excluding the root and tip. All six structures show signs of fire, with 57 reddened and 66 blackened pieces. Burnt organic material was also found, including a 6.7 cm bone from a bear or large herbivore. The stalagmite pieces are well calibrated, with an average length of 34.4 cm for the large ring and 29.5 cm for the small one, which in the view of Jaubert and colleagues strongly suggests intentional construction. No other evidence has been found of human activity.</p><br>
<h2>Interpretation</h2><br>
<p>The constructions were made during the cold MIS6 period, but calcite flows on the surface of the main ring are similar in age to the structures, showing that in spite of the generally glacial conditions, the climate was then warm and humid enough to allow calcite deposition. The researchers suggest that the constructions may date to a warm phase in the cold period.</p><br>
<p>Deep karst is a difficult environment, and before the discovery of Bruniquel, Neanderthal constructions in caves beyond the distance exposed to daylight, and thus requiring artificial lighting, were completely unknown. Even in caves visited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic, there are no proven cases of constructions. Stringer observes that: "this discovery provides clear evidence that Neanderthals had fully human capabilities in the planning and the construction of stone structures". It is not known whether the structures were built as part of a ritual or had a symbolic function, but in the view of Jaubert and his colleagues:</p><br>
<p>Old Settlers Association Park and Rhodham Bonnifield House, also known as Old Settlers Park and Bonnifield Cabin, is a nationally recognized historic district located in Fairfield, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The focal point of the park is the Rhodham Bonnifield House, a log cabin built in 1838 in Round Prairie Township. It was used as a residence until 1902, and moved here when the park was established. This is the first park of its kind established in eastern Iowa. The house&#39;s historic designation is attributed to its 1907 reconstruction, and not its original construction. There are few pioneer log structures in Iowa that remain in their original setting. Those that remain have been reconstructed at another site to preserve them.</p><br>
<p>The Evergreen Ridge Stock Farm Historic District, also known as the Maasdam Farm, Massdam and Wheeler, and Glen and June German Farm, is an agricultural historic district located on the south side of Fairfield, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The significance of the district is attributed to its historic use as a livestock farm. The contributing buildings include the Show Barn , the Stallion Barn , the Mare Barn , wind mill , chicken coop , and the farmyard. There were two different houses on the farm, and both have been removed. From 1910 to 1938 the farm was owned by J.G. Maasdam, who imported and bred award-winning Belgian, Percheron and other draft horses that were used for farming.</p><br>
<p>The Randall-Hildreth House is a historic house at 806 Foreside Road in Topsham, Maine. Built in 1800, it is a fine local example of a Federal period mansion house with Georgian and Greek Revival features. It was owned by the same family for nearly 200 years, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Randall-Hildreth House stands in a rural area east of the Topsham village, set on the west side of Foreside Road, close to its junction with Pleasant Point Road. It is a two story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, twin interior chimneys, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. The house is set at the edge of a terrace, exposing the basement wall at the rear. The main facade faces southeast, and is five bays wide, with the center entrance, flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, and sheltered by an eclectically styled Victorian porch. A secondary entrance is set on the northeast side, sheltered by a screened porch with similar Victorian features. Ells are attached to both rear corners. The interior exhibits a combination of mainly Georgian and Federal features, including a fine central staircase and hall. One of the house&#39;s most unusual features is its original kitchen, a finished space located in the basement, underneath the dining room, to which it is connected by a staircase. This arrangement is extremely rare in the state.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1800 by William Randall, who was one of Topshams second wave of settlers, arriving in 1766. It is possible that this house incorporates parts of his first house. Randall was a man of means, who occupied a prominent position in local affairs. Randall came from Scituate, Massachusetts, and there is circumstantial evidence that the builder of the house may have been Samuel Melcher, another Scituate emigree. The house was owned by Randalls descendants (later the Hildreths) for 196 years.</p><br>
<p>The Journal Building  is a historic commercial building at 325-331 Water Street in downtown Augusta, Maine. Built in 1899 to a design by Arthur G. Wing, it is a fine local example of commercial Renaissance Revival architecture. It was for main years home to Augusta&#39;s leading newspaper, the Kennebec Journal. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is now occupied by facilities of the University of Maine at Augusta.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Journal Building stands on the east side of Water Street, Augusta&#39;s principal downtown thoroughfare, near its southern end. It is a five story masonry structure, built out of red brick with granite trim. The ground floor has three storefronts, now remodeled with modern plate glass and metal, with brick piers separating them. The upper levels are nine bays wide, with the floors separated by courses of corbelled brickwork. Windows on the second through fourth floors are set in segmented-arch openings, while the top floor windows are set in round-arch openings, all organized in groups of three. The building is topped by a projecting modillioned cornice.</p><br>
<p>The Kennebec Journal was founded in 1825, and occupied leased spaces until the construction of this building in 1899. It was designed by local architect Arthur Wing, whose career was shortened by his untimely death in 1912. Although downtown Augusta has several Renaissance style buildings, including the one just to the south, this building is one of the least-altered of the style. It presently houses the art and architecture departments of the University of Maine at Augusta, with galleries on the ground floor, and is called Handley Hall by the university.</p><br>
<p>The Excelsior Grange is a historic Grange hall at 446 Harris Hill Road in Poland, Maine. It was built in 1914 for chapter 5 of the state Grange, and continues to be maintained by that organization as a public community resource. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Danville Junction Grange hall is located in a rural area of northeastern Poland, on the north side of Harris Hill Road, just east of its junction with Poland Corner Road. It is a long rectangular wood frame structure, with a hip roof, clapboard siding, and a concrete foundation. The short front facade is symmetrically arranged, with three bays across. The entrance is at the center of the ground floor, with flanking sidelight windows. A single-story gable-roofed porch shelters the entrance, supported by square posts. Inside, the ground floor houses a dining room and kitchen behind the lobby, with an auditorium space on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Excelsior Grange was organized in 1874, and was the fifth chapter established in the state. In 1877, it was designated a Pomona Grange, with oversight over other chapters in Androscoggin County. The chapter&#39;s first hall was destroyed by fire, and this hall was built in 1914 as a replacement. It is one of the few Grange halls in the state known to be designed by an architect, in this case Harry Wilkinson, who had trained in the practice of George M. Coombs. The hall continues to serve as a major local community resource, hosting dinners and other social events, theatrical productions, as well as civic functions.</p><br>
<p>The Red Cedar Inn opened in Pacific, Missouri, just after Prohibition ended. In 1932, Route 66 reached Pacific, and the town got an economic boost. Before that, Pacific&#39;s main commerce had been the mining of silica used to make fine glassware and construction materials, such as bricks. The Red Cedar Inn was a full service restaurant and served cocktails, since Prohibition had been repealed just before its opening. The inn became popular with travelers on Route 66 and was visited by baseball players Bob Klinger, Dizzy Dean, and Ted Williams.</p><br>
<p>Brothers James and Bill Smith constructed the inn with rustic materials, such as log and knotty pine interior walls and lines of white chinking on the outside. The logs used to build the restaurant came from the brothers family farm. They wanted the inn to reflect Missouri pioneer days and attract tourists. The brothers had made their living bootlegging liquor from their family farm at Villa Ridge. However, when Prohibition ended in 1933, their business folded. James and Bill both opened taverns, in Eureka and Fenton, respectively. They built the Red Cedar Inn around the same time on the newly designated Route 66. The restaurants location made it very successful, and the Smiths added a bar to the restaurant in 1935.</p><br>
<p>Once the brothers were finished building the restaurant, they handed management over to James II. James II later married one of the restaurant&#39;s waitresses, and they bought the business from James I in 1944. They ran the business with their son, James III until 1972. The inn was shuttered until 1987. James III, his wife Katherine, a former waitress at the restaurant, and their daughter, Ginger, helped to reopen the restaurant in 1987.</p><br>
<p>In April 2003, the inn was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The restaurant closed in 2005. In 2012, the Olson family started a Facebook page for the inn and indicated that it was closed.</p><br>
<p>The General Norzagaray Bridge is a brick and masonry barrel vault bridge built in 1855 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Also known as Puente de los Frailes, it brings what is now Puerto Rico Highway 873 across Frailes Creek. It has eight 9.8 m barrel vault spans. Its total length is 120.7 m and its roadway width is 7.00 m. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1995.</p><br>
<p>In 1855, it was important for carrying the Carretara Central across Quebrada Frailes.</p><br>
<p>It is named for Fernándo de Norzagaray y Escudero, governor of Puerto Rico from 1852 to 1855.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by chief engineer Manuel Sanchez-Nunez y Layne and built by engineer Gustavo Steinacher (who also designed and built the first suspension bridge in the Caribbean, over the Caguitas River just north of Caguas, Puerto Rico) and cost 45,346 pesos.</p><br>
<p>According to its NRHP registration, it "is one of the most impressive bridges from the Spanish Colonial period", serving as a "prime example of Spanish 19th century masonry arch technology".</p><br>
<p>The superstructure of the bridge was modified in 1927 by removal of earth fill and addition of steel girders installed on the arch piers to support a concrete deck. This does not interfere significantly with the historic integrity of the bridge.</p><br>
<p>It spans between what are now the barrios of Caimito and Tortugo in San Juan.</p><br>
<p>The Kennebec County Courthouse is located at 95 State Street in Augusta, Maine, the state capital and county seat of Kennebec County. Built in 1829 and twice enlarged, it is one of the oldest examples of Greek Revival architecture in the state, and its earliest known example of a Greek temple front. The building, which is now mostly taken up by county offices, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kennebec County Courthouse stands just west of Augustas commercial downtown, on the east side of State Street between Winthrop and Court Streets. A modern courthouse, which houses most of the countys judicial functions today, stands just to the east across Perham Street, and the Kennebec County Jail is just to the south. It is a two-story masonry structure, built mainly out of roughly finished cut granite, with finely finished granite trim. The main block is roughly rectangular, with a central gabled section flanked by hip-roofed wings. The gable front is fully pedimented, supported by six granite Doric columns and topped by a wood-frame open belfry, its corners supported by groups of Doric columns. The building corners are quoined with lighter granite blocks, and iron railings run between the columns of the portico on the second level.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was built in 1829 to a design by James Cochran, who also oversaw its construction. It was enlarged to the rear in 1851, and again in 1907; both additions are of granite in sympathetic styling. The building is one of the state&#39;s best examples of early Greek Revival architecture, and is the first documented appearance of a temple front.</p><br>
